(NEXSTAR) – Does it feel like a totally different climate when you go across town? It may be the urban heat island effect.
Climate Central, an organization of scientists and journalists focused on studying the impacts of climate change, broke down 44 cities into Census blocks to determine which neighborhoods suffer from the worst urban heat effects.
In some cities, like Indianapolis, Albuquerque and San Jose, the worst impacts are concentrated in the cities’ downtown cores. But in other cities, like Memphis, Dallas, Detroit and Phoenix, the urban heat effect is spread throughout.
Climate Central called Memphis’ pattern a “sprawling heat intensity.”
Here’s how the temperature stacks up across Memphis: There is a huge expanse of red across Downtown, Midtown, South Memphis, East Memphis and the Airport areas, indicating temperatures about 7.5 degrees above surrounding rural areas.
On the plus side, though, there are no areas in Memphis where temperatures reach 8 or 9 degrees above normal. Many other cities aren’t so lucky — in Nashville, 21,000 people live in areas where the temperatures are 9 degrees or more hotter than their surroundings.
The way a city is designed can make hot weather feel even worse. The temperature on your block is influenced by everything from the number of trees on the street to the color of the pavement. When trees and vegetation (which absorb heat) are replaced by buildings and roads (which can radiate heat), it feels hotter.
“The heat island effect can result in significant temperature differences between rural and urban areas,” explains the Environmental Protection Agency.
For each census tract, Climate Central researchers determined the urban heat index, which shows how much hotter it feels in those neighborhoods because of the built environment. The city with the worst urban heat index was New York, the analysis found.
In New York, nearly 80% of residents live in a Census tract where the urban heat effect is 8 degrees or higher – “meaning that on a day when temperatures in a park outside the city are 90°F, it feels like 98°F or higher,” the report explains.
The urban heat index is also high per capita in Chicago, but its hottest spots are more concentrated around The Loop.
About 52% of the city’s residents experience an urban heat index of 8 degrees or higher.
Los Angeles has what Climate Central calls “sprawling heat intensity,” which means the urban heat effect happens over a vast area that is highly developed. Downtown Los Angeles and industrial areas are worst, but there are few pockets of the massive city where you can find an urban heat effect less than 7 degrees.
Climate Matters analyzed the urban heat spots of 44 U.S. cities. (See all the maps and results here.)
The researchers also named a number of solutions – both short-term and long-term – to the urban heat problem. Planting trees can help, especially as those trees mature and grow larger to increase shade. Roof materials that reflect heat, as well as rooftop gardens, can cool things down in dense neighborhoods.
One of the hottest parts of any city is dark pavement that’s been soaking up the sun. Asphalt and concrete can even radiate heat after the sun goes down, keeping a neighborhood from cooling down at night. The EPA suggests looking into “cool pavement” technology as a solution.
